Just had a thought that maybe the browsers could sort this out. A browser could detect when a JPEG is shown smaller than full-size and choose to download only what is needed.
For example, if a JPEG is displayed 100% or larger then the full image is downloaded. If displayed at 20% then maybe only the first pass is downloaded. If then changed to 100% with Javascript or CSS or both, then a browser would download the rest of the image.